Mechanical retention bunkers for run-of-mine material: design review and operational effectiveness assessment

Abstract

The article presents a review of structural solutions for mechanical retention bunkers used for run-of-mine (ROM) material in underground hard coal mining, together with an evaluation of their operational effectiveness. The study addresses the problem of unstable ROM feed in continuous haulage systems, resulting from the cyclic operation of mining equipment, which leads to fluctuations in transport capacity utilization. The implementation of horizontal retention bunkers is analyzed as a method for stabilizing material flow and improving the efficiency of transport systems. The operational effectiveness of mechanical bunkers is defined based on their ability to perform three key functions: retention of ROM, stabilization of the material stream, and separation of the feed with the possibility of bypassing the bunker. A classification of bunker types is proposed, taking into account structural and functional criteria, including loading systems, bottom design, and discharge methods. The analysis includes both historical and modern design solutions, ranging from simple fixed bunkers to advanced movable systems equipped with automated control and monitoring. The results indicate that modern bunker systems significantly improve the continuity of transport processes, reduce downtime, and enable better control of material flow. However, certain limitations are identified, such as high construction and maintenance costs, wear of components, and spatial constraints in underground workings. The study demonstrates that the proper selection and design of mechanical retention bunkers, combined with automation, can substantially enhance the operational effectiveness of underground haulage systems.